Children's Health: New Polio Worries in Africa | US Committee Urges Limits on Cough and Cold Drugs (1/2)

Today we have two reports, both about children. We start in Sudan. Health officials are launching a campaign to vaccinate eight million children after a case of polio was reported there.

United Nations and Sudanese agencies will carry out the campaign this week and again in November. Sudan had been polio-free since two thousand five. The new case of wild polio virus was confirmed last month in South Darfur.

Health officials also announced last month that Nigeria has had almost seventy new cases of polio since two thousand five. Those cases, however, were caused by the polio vaccine itself. There are two kinds of polio vaccine. The one given by injection contains killed virus, which cannot cause polio. The one given by mouth contains live but weakened virus. In very rare cases the virus can change and cause polio.

The way to stop the spread now is more vaccinations. But officials worry that people in northern Nigeria may, once again, fear the vaccine. In recent years, local leaders spread stories that Western nations had poisoned the vaccine with the virus that causes AIDS.

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今天我们有两篇都是关于儿童的报道。我们首先从苏丹说起。自从苏丹报道了一例小儿麻痹症之后，苏丹的卫生官员发起了一项运动给八百万儿童接种疫苗。

联合国及苏丹当局将在本周开展该项运动，并会在11月再次进行。从2005起，苏丹已成为无小儿麻痹症的国家。最新一例野生型小儿麻痹症病毒是于上个月在达尔福尔南部被证实的。

健康官员上个月宣布自从2005年起，尼日利亚已有近70个小儿麻痹症的新病例然而这些病例恰恰是由小儿麻痹症疫苗本身引起的。小儿麻痹症疫苗有两种。一种是注射灭活疫苗，该种疫苗不会致病。另一种是口服减毒疫苗，只有在极少情况下病毒才会引起变化导致小儿麻痹症。

阻止病症蔓延的方法是使用更多的疫苗。但是官员们担心尼日利亚北部的人们会再次害怕疫苗。近几年，当地官员传播消息称西方国家已把可以导致艾滋病的病毒投毒于疫苗中。