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In search of the perfect battery
March 6th, 2008
From Economist.com

The quest for the perfect battery
Johnson Controls and Saft, which launched a joint venture in 2006, are taking a different approach, in which the positive electrode is made using a nickel-cobalt-aluminium-oxide. John Searle, the company's boss, says batteries made using its approach can last about 15 years. In 2007 Saft announced that Daimler had selected its batteries for use in a hybrid Mercedes saloon, due to go on sale in 2009. Other materials being investigated for use in future lithium-ion batteries include tin alloys and silicon.

Johnson Controls 和 Saft使用一种不同的方法,将氧化镍钴铝合金用在电池正极上来生产电池,并与2006年成立合资企业.企业的老板John Searle说用这种方法生产的电池电量将可持续15年.2007年,Saft宣布戴姆勒公司已经选择他们的电池作为其将在2009年投入销售的Mercedes混合动力轿车.包括锡合金和硅等材料则被用在将来锂离子电池的研发工作中来.

At this point, it is hard to say which lithium-ion variation will prevail. Toyota, which is pursuing its own battery development with Matsushita, will not say which chemistry it favours. GM is also hedging its bets. The company is testing battery packs from both A123 Systems and Compact Power for the Chevy Volt (pictured), a forthcoming plug-in hybrid that will have an all-electric range of 40 miles and a small internal-combustion engine to recharge its battery when necessary. To ensure that the Volt's battery can always supply enough power and meet its targeted 10-year life-span, it will be kept between 30% and 80% charged at all times, says Roland Matthe of GM's energy-storage systems group.

现在,讨论何种锂离子衍生物能够胜出还为时过早.一直支持与松下进行电池开发的丰田汽车将不会对某一种材料情有独钟的.通用也对他所赌注的材料闪烁其词.他正在对Chevy Volt的A123系统和便携能源系统的电池包进行测试.这个即将投入使用的嵌入混合动力系统将速度在40公里以内全部使用电力,并且如果需要,其内部的一个小型内燃引擎可以对其电池充电.通用电气能量存储系统事业群的Roland Matthe表示:为了保持Volt汽车的电池保持足够的动力以及10年的寿命,他将保持30%到80%的电量.

GM hopes to start mass-production of the Volt in late 2010. That is ambitious, since the Volt's viability is dependent on the availability of a suitable battery technology. "It's either going to be a tremendous victory, or a terrible defeat," says James George, a battery expert based in New Hampshire who has followed the industry for 45 years.

通用电气希望能够在2010年将Volt投入批量生产.这是个非常激进的计划,因为Volt的成功与否关键在于持久电池技术的成熟.James George,这位在新罕布什尔州,跟踪业界45年的电池专家表示:"这个项目不是取得巨大的成功,就是遭到极大的失败".

"We've still got a long way to go in terms of getting the ultimate battery," says Dr Thackeray. Compared with computer chips, which have doubled in performance roughly every two years for decades, batteries have improved very slowly over their 200-year history. But high oil prices and concern over climate change mean there is now more of an incentive than ever for researchers to join the quest for better battery technologies. "It's going to be a journey", says Ms Wright, "where we're going to be using the gas engine less and less."

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