定语从句

    英语和汉语中的定语有很大的不同。汉语中定语只能前置,而英语中定语既可前置也可后置。两者的不同,不仅表现在结构上,也表现在意义上。

    英语中的定语从句有时从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对中心词加以限定。因此,在对语法结构、上下文逻辑关系深刻理解的前提下,为了更明确地表明这种逻辑关系,可以将定语从句翻译成相应的状语从句。同时值得注意的是,定语从句与中心词之间常有分割成分,而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词,常常会被误认为定语从句的中心词。因此,遇到这种结构,一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。

    翻译定语从句时可采用提前译、顺序译、分译或转译等多种方法。

定语从句翻译练习tips：

1、选（先行词）

2、配（关系代词，which/who/that）

3、套（关系代词也就是连词放到从句的句首，看看它前面有没有介词）

请看例句：

19 We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological
satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

分析：to which work...... satisfaction 使定语从句，其中work是从句的主语，关系代词which指（程度）
extent, that引导的定语从句that can make......an empty life修饰the psychological satisfaction（心理满足）。

译文：-----------------（1）-------------------

20 Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological
mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that
occurs during its longest dives ,which can extend 500 meters below the ocean's
surface and last for over 70 minutes.

分析：主句是Studies......have described......句中有三个定语从句，对于这样的句子可以考虑采用分译法。
其中，that allow the seals......deprivation修饰the physiological mechanisms；that occurs during
its longest dives修饰the extreme oxygen deprivation；其后的非限定性定语从句which can extend
......over 70 minutes修饰its longest dives，Weddell（sea）：威德尔海（南极洲的边缘海）。

译文：-----------------（2）-------------------

【高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

Please translate these sentences into Chinese.

1 We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological
satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

2 Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological
mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that
occurs during its longest dives ,which can extend 500 meters below the ocean's
surface and last for over 70 minutes.

论坛节目参与地址： 【穿越研英】冲击翻译不得不恋>>>