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The Real Roots of Darfur（节选）
原文：http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200704/darfur-climate
译者：zhonghuajie

To truly understand the crisis in Darfur-and it has been profoundly misunderstood-you need to look back to the mid-1980s, before the violence between African and Arab began to simmer. Alex de Waal, now a program director at the Social Science Research Council, was there at that time, as a doctoral candidate doing anthropological fieldwork. Earlier this year, he told me a story that, he says, keeps coming back to him.

要真正理解达尔富尔问题，需要回到上世纪80年代中期，在非洲人和阿拉伯人相互屠杀之前。当时，阿莱克斯德瓦尔作为一名博士生在当地进行人类学研究，如今他是社会科学研究会的项目负责人之一。今年早些时候，他给我讲述了一个故事，他说这些事不停的萦绕在他的脑海里。

De Waal was traveling through the dry scrub of Darfur, studying indigenous reactions to the drought that gripped the region. In a herders' camp near the desert's border, he met with a bedridden and nearly blind Arab sheikh named Hilal Abdalla, who said he was noticing things he had never seen before: Sand blew into fertile land, and the rare rain washed away alluvial soil. Farmers who had once hosted his tribe and his camels were now blocking their migration; the land could no longer support both herder and farmer. Many tribesmen had lost their stock and scratched at millet farming on marginal plots.

彼时德瓦尔正在达尔富尔地区干燥的丛林地带旅行，研究干旱对当地的影响。在靠近沙漠边缘的一间帐篷里，他见到了一位卧床不起、近乎失明的阿拉伯酋长，名叫希拉阿布达拉。他告诉德瓦尔他以前从未见过这样的情况：沙子被吹向耕地，难得的雨水却又把泥土冲走。原来招待他和他的牧民的农民开始限制他们的放牧；这片土地已经无法同时供养牧民和农民。很多部族不再以放牧为生，转而在边缘的土地上耕作。

The God-given order was broken, the sheikh said, and he feared the future. "The way the world was set up since time immemorial was being disturbed," recalled de Waal. "And it was bewildering, depressing. And the consequences were terrible."

上天注定的规则被打破了，这位酋长说到，他对未来感到害怕。"自古以来形成的模式被打乱了"，德瓦尔回忆道："这让人困惑而又沮丧。并且后果很严重"。

In 2003, another scourge, now infamous, swept across Darfur. Janjaweed fighters in military uniforms, mounted on camels and horses, laid waste to the region. In a campaign of ethnic cleansing targeting Darfur's blacks, the armed militiamen raped women, burned houses, and tortured and killed men of fighting age. Through whole swaths of the region, they left only smoke curling into the sky.

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