一天一篇真题记单词（21-1996 翻译）

来源：沪江论坛 | 时间：2008-07-07 | 阅读：462 次 | [大中小] [收藏] [划词 ] 评论 0 条

2009年考研大纲汇总专题
2009年新东方考研网络课程

【写在前面】

暑假可以说是备考的黄金时间了，如何利用好这2个月的宝贵时间，全面提升各科实力，想必是诸多考研学子最想知道的事了吧。各种备考方法纷繁复杂，备考资料五花八门，如何不让这个暑假虚度呢，如何学才能更有效率呢。我想有一个方法是大家公认的，那就是做真题。数学，英语，专业课，真题都是最宝贵的资料。一天一篇真题记单词，在推出后受到了大家的认可，当然也有很多不足之处，在上学期出了20期后，暑期版隆重推出，希望能陪伴大家度过一个充实的暑假备战时期。

【真题原文】

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good " as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

【单词讲解】

1.to some extent 在某种程度上常作插入部分，作文可以把这个词组用上。

2.preconception n 预想，偏见记忆：pre+conception 在构想之前类似词：prejudice 偏见 pre+judice 在判别之前

3.not yet unavoidable 并非不可避免这是双重否定

4.scientific establishment 科研机构注意establishment的理解

5.from time to time 时不时

6.treat...as... 把...作为...

7.be kept in functional order 保持良好运行状态

8.recipient 接受者

9.utility 有用，效用

10.as opposed to 与...对照与...对比

11.straightforward 直截了当的

12.capacity 能力注意一词多意的考察，这里不要理解为容量

13.give rise to 导致，产生

【参考译文】

科学研究的各种领域的相关发展的区别是有若干原因的。在这些原因中，有些完全来自社会需求的自然结果。另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。尽管如此，有些发展速度的差异其原因就不尽合理，这是因为某些权威人士对科学理论研究应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法，这些想法起了改变不同科学领域的发展模式的作用。这是一个新问题，也许并非是不可避免的问题，但其趋势却令人担忧。这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。然而，人们可以预见，往往会出现一些问题要求科学做出具体的回答。因此，将科研机构视为一种资源或一台机器，应维持其良好的运行状态。这样做通常是很有价值的。给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科技以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

正如所有政府支持一样，这类支持需要确定合适的资金资助对象。根据某一项目是否有效做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有短期效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构设定的目标值得称赞，他们支持好科研，不支持不好的，但是要做出有效的决定却是困难的。通常，好科研的概念往往与在某个科研领域中提出一套优雅理论的能力相混淆。然而世界就是如此，优雅的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜和令人高兴的课题。同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给优雅以新的标准。

【作业】

1.学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励100HY

2.自己认真总结本篇文章的词组，长难句，可以整理在本子上（推荐），也可以跟帖总结，把每天的帖子当作你的笔记本。